See also:

• Computers: Programming: Languages: Comparison and Review  (113)
• Computers: Software: Operating Systems: History  (7)

A Brief History of Programming Languages - A special Byte Magazine article published for Byte's 20th anniversary special report.

Computer Languages History - Timeline chart, 1954 to today, printable; links to homes of many languages..

Diagram of Languages - Two diagrams showing how many languages are related to each other..

Historic Documents in Computer Science - Original, historic first documents for many early programming languages, like language manualsa, scanned and converted to PDF form..

History and Comparison of Programming Languages - Papers on use history of: comments, labels, literals, parentheses..

History and Evolution - A list of computer languages and some links to compilers for these languages..

O'Reilly: The History of Programming Languages - A poster plots over 50 programming languages on a multi-layered, color-coded timeline..

Visual Programming Languages: A Survey - This paper by Marat Boshernitsan includes an historical overview of some of the pioneering efforts in the field..

Wikipedia: PL/I - An encyclopedia description of PL/I history with many links to programming terms..

The Semicolon Wars - History and critique of disagreements over language design details, citing some specific traits; by Brian Hayes. American Scientist. (July, 2006).